Benefits of Playing an Instrument
The Dialogue:
Did you know that every time musicians pick up their instruments, there are fireworks going off all over their brain? On the outside, they may look calm and focused, reading the music and making the precise and practiced movements required. But inside their brains, there's a party going on. How do we know this? Well, in the last few decades, neuroscientists have made enormous breakthroughs in understanding how our brains work by monitoring them in real time with instruments like fMRI and PET scanners. When people are hooked up to these machines, tasks, such as reading or doing math problems, each have corresponding areas of the brain where activity can be observed. But when researchers got the participants to listen to music, they saw fireworks. Multiple areas of their brains were lighting up at once, as they processed the sound, took it apart to understand elements like melody and rhythm, and then put it all back together into unified musical experience.
And our brains do all this work
in the split second
between when we first hear the music
and when our foot starts to tap along.
But when scientists turned
from observing the brains
of music listeners to those of musicians,
the little backyard fireworks
became a jubilee.
It turns out that while listening
to music engages the brain
in some pretty interesting activities,
playing music is the brain's equivalent
of a full-body workout.
The neuroscientists saw
multiple areas of the brain light up,
simultaneously processing
different information
in intricate, interrelated,
and astonishingly fast sequences.
But what is it about making music
that sets the brain alight?
The research is still fairly new,
but neuroscientists
have a pretty good idea.
Playing a musical instrument
engages practically every area
of the brain at once,
especially the visual,
auditory, and motor cortices.
As with any other workout, disciplined,
structured practice in playing music
strengthens those brain functions,
allowing us to apply that strength
to other activities.
The most obvious difference between
listening to music and playing it
is that the latter requires
fine motor skills,
which are controlled
in both hemispheres of the brain.
It also combines the linguistic
and mathematical precision,
in which the left hemisphere
is more involved,
with the novel and creative
content that the right excels in.
For these reasons, playing music has been found to increase the volume and activity in the brain's corpus callosum, the bridge between the two hemispheres, allowing messages to get across the brain faster and through more diverse routes. This may allow musicians to solve problems more effectively and creatively, in both academic and social settings. Because making music also involves crafting and understanding its emotional content and message, musicians often have higher levels of executive function, a category of interlinked tasks that includes planning, strategizing, and attention to detail and requires simultaneous analysis of both cognitive and emotional aspects. This ability also has an impact on how our memory systems work. And, indeed, musicians exhibit enhanced memory functions, creating, storing, and retrieving memories more quickly and efficiently.
Studies have found that musicians appear
to use their highly connected brains
to give each memory multiple tags,
such as a conceptual tag,
an emotional tag,
an audio tag, and a contextual tag,
like a good Internet search engine.
How do we know that all these benefits
are unique to music,
as opposed to, say, sports or painting?
Or could it be
that people who go into music
were already smarter to begin with?
Neuroscientists have explored
these issues, but so far,
they have found that the artistic
and aesthetic aspects
of learning to play a musical instrument
are different from any other activity
studied, including other arts.
And several randomized studies
of participants,
who showed the same levels
of cognitive function
and neural processing at the start,
found that those who were exposed
to a period of music learning
showed enhancement in multiple
brain areas, compared to the others.
This recent research about
the mental benefits of playing music
has advanced our understanding
of mental function,
revealing the inner rhythms
and complex interplay
that make up the amazing
orchestra of our brain.
